Penny penalizes her daughter $1 from her $20 weekly allowance every day she neglects to make her bed. This is an example of what?

This scenario illustrates response cost, which is a specific form of punishment used within behavioral interventions. In this case, Penny is removing a portion of her daughter's allowance as a consequence for not making her bed. This reduction in her allowance serves to discourage the undesired behavior (the neglect of making the bed) by implementing a financial penalty.

The principle behind response cost is that when a reinforcer (in this instance, money from the allowance) is removed following a specific behavior, it decreases the likelihood of that behavior occurring in the future. By consistently penalizing her daughter for not completing the task, Penny aims to shape her behavior toward making the bed regularly.

Other options, while relevant in the study of behavior modification, do not apply to this scenario. For example, positive reinforcement involves adding a desirable stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior, negative reinforcement involves the removal of an aversive stimulus to increase behavior, and a time-out procedure removes an individual from a reinforcing environment to decrease a behavior. In contrast to these concepts, the response cost mechanism clearly fits the situation Penny created for her daughter.