Which of the following statements is true regarding empirical arguments?

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Empirical arguments are grounded in observable evidence, which is why the statement indicating that they are based on observable evidence is accurate. These arguments utilize data collected through direct observation or experimentation, focusing on factual and measurable outcomes rather than opinions or emotional appeals. For example, when discussing behavior change, empirical arguments can cite statistics from behavior analyses or outcomes from applied interventions, thereby ensuring that the conclusions drawn are backed by evidence.

The other options suggest characteristics that do not align with the definition of empirical arguments. For instance, relying solely on emotions would imply a subjective basis rather than an objective one, while stating that empirical arguments do not require any data would contradict the essential requirement for data collection in forming these arguments. Similarly, describing them as speculative overlooks the requirement for a foundation in observable facts, making it clear that empirical arguments are distinctly characterized by their basis in tangible evidence.

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