Which procedure is designed to change behavior by reinforcing successive approximations?

Shaping is a procedure specifically designed to change behavior by reinforcing successive approximations toward a desired behavior. This technique involves breaking down a complex behavior into smaller, achievable steps and gradually reinforcing closer and closer approximations until the desired behavior is achieved. For example, if you want a child to learn to speak in full sentences, you might start by reinforcing them for making sounds, then for single words, then for two-word phrases, and eventually for complete sentences. Each successive step is reinforced, guiding the learner through the process of mastering the targeted behavior.

This approach is particularly effective because it helps learners build confidence and skills incrementally, which can be especially beneficial for individuals who may struggle with more immediate or complex tasks. The use of reinforcement throughout the learning process is crucial, as it provides positive feedback that encourages continued effort and progress toward the goal.